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A New Approach to Managing Osteoarthritis: The Role of Stem Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine

A New Approach to Managing Osteoarthritis: The Role of Stem Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine

21 February 2025

Understanding Osteoarthritis and Its Impact

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint conditions, affecting millions of people worldwide. It develops when the protective cartilage that cushions the joints gradually wears away, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Over time, the condition can significantly impact daily activities, making tasks such as walking, climbing stairs, or even getting out of bed challenging.

Traditional treatments for OA include pain relief medications, physiotherapy , steroid injections, and, in severe cases, joint replacement surgery. While these treatments help manage symptoms, they do not address the underlying cause, cartilage loss. This has led to growing interest in regenerative medicine, an emerging field focused on helping the body repair itself.

One area of regenerative medicine that has gained attention in recent years is stem cell therapy . Although this treatment is still undergoing research and development, early findings suggest it may offer a new approach to joint health by supporting tissue repair and reducing inflammation.

What Are Stem Cells?

Stem cells are special types of cells that have the potential to develop into different cell types in the body. This ability makes them important for healing and regeneration. The human body contains various types of stem cells, but mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of particular interest when it comes to joint health.

MSCs can be obtained from several sources, including:

  • Bone marrow (from inside bones)
  • Adipose tissue (fat cells)
  • Umbilical cord tissue (from donated umbilical cords after birth)

Among these, umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) have been widely studied for their potential role in joint repair.

How Can Stem Cells Help in Osteoarthritis?

While osteoarthritis is typically considered irreversible, ongoing research is exploring how stem cells might help slow its progression, reduce symptoms, and potentially support cartilage repair.

The Role of UC-MSCs in Joint Health

Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) are being studied for their ability to:

  • Reduce inflammation in the joint – Inflammation plays a key role in osteoarthritis and contributes to pain and stiffness.
  • Support cartilage maintenance – While research is ongoing, UC-MSCs are believed to release factors that encourage cartilage cells to survive and function.
  • Improve joint lubrication – UC-MSCs may help enhance the quality of synovial fluid, the natural lubricant in joints, improving movement.
  • Modulate the immune system – Osteoarthritis has been linked to immune system activity. UC-MSCs have the potential to balance immune responses in the joint.

Research into UC-MSCs is still ongoing, and while early results are promising, more studies are needed to determine their long-term effects and optimal use.

What Does the Latest Research Say?

Over the past few years, several studies have explored the potential of umbilical cord-derived stem cells in osteoarthritis treatment. Some notable findings include:

  1. Potential for Knee Cartilage Repair
    A review published in Medicine (2025) examined the use of UC-MSCs for knee osteoarthritis. The study found that these cells may contribute to reduced pain, improved function, and potential cartilage preservation. (Liao et al., 2025).
    📄 Read More: LWW Journal
  2. Stem Cell-Based Hydrogels for Cartilage Support
    A study in ACS Biomaterials Science (2025) investigated biodegradable hydrogels combined with UC-MSCs to enhance cartilage repair. The findings suggested improved joint function and reduced inflammation. (Ghosal et al., 2025).
    📄 Read More: ACS Publications
  3. Exosome Therapy for Osteoarthritis
    Scientists are also studying exosomes—tiny particles released by UC-MSCs – which may have anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. A study in Advanced Functional Materials (2025) showed that exosomes from UC-MSCs supported cartilage repair and joint function in osteoarthritis models. (Lv et al., 2025).
    📄 Read More: Wiley Online Library
  4. UC-MSCs and Joint Injections
    Clinical trials published in Stem Cell Research & Therapy (2025) evaluated the safety and effects of UC-MSC injections for knee OA. The study noted improvements in pain, mobility, and joint function after six months. (Lei et al., 2025).
    📄 Read More: Springer

These studies represent a growing body of research exploring how stem cells may contribute to joint health and osteoarthritis management.

Important Considerations

While the idea of regenerative treatments for osteoarthritis is exciting, there are a few important points to keep in mind:

1. Research is Ongoing

Stem cell treatments, including those using umbilical cord-derived stem cells, are still being researched. Scientists continue to investigate their effectiveness, best application methods, and long-term safety.

2. Treatments Are Not Yet Widely Approved

While some countries have introduced regenerative medicine into clinical practice, regulatory authorities such as the UK’s MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency) are still assessing these treatments. Opus, unlike many other clinics, is the UKs only licenced and regulated provider. It is essential to stay informed and seek advice from medical professionals before considering any new treatment options.

3. Every Patient is Different

Osteoarthritis can vary widely between individuals, meaning that treatment responses may differ. What works for one person may not work in the same way for another.

4. A Holistic Approach is Best

Stem cell therapy, if proven to be effective in the future, is unlikely to be a standalone cure for osteoarthritis. It is always best considered alongside other approaches such as:

  • Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce joint strain.
  • Engaging in regular, low-impact exercise (such as swimming or cycling).
  • Using joint-friendly supplements (such as glucosamine and omega-3 fatty acids).
  • Following a balanced diet to support joint health.

 

The Future of Regenerative Medicine

Research into umbilical cord-derived stem cells for osteoarthritis is advancing rapidly, with promising early results. Scientists are also exploring combination therapies, including:

  • Stem cells with growth factors to enhance repair.
  • 3D-printed cartilage scaffolds to create personalised joint implants.
  • Gene editing to enhance stem cell performance.

As research continues, the goal is to develop treatments that not only relieve symptoms but also support the long-term health of joints.

Conclusion

Osteoarthritis remains a challenging condition, but advances in stem cell research and regenerative medicine are opening up new possibilities. While umbilical cord-derived stem cells are still being studied, they hold promise as a potential tool for reducing inflammation, supporting joint function, and promoting cartilage health.

For now, education and staying informed about scientific advancements are key. As more research emerges, individuals seeking alternative approaches to joint care will have a better understanding of the options available.

If you are considering different ways to manage osteoarthritis, always consult a healthcare professional for personalised advice.

 

References

  1. Liao, Z.K. et al. (2025). Clinical research progress of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells in knee articular cartilage repair. Medicine.
    📄 Read More
  2. Lei, J. et al. (2025). Therapeutic efficacy of intra-articular injection of UC-MSCs in knee OA. Stem Cell Research & Therapy.
    📄 Read More

 

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Osteoarthritis

Why exercise is good for your joints

Why exercise is good for your joints

29 April 2024

Close-up of a person's flexed forearm and elbow
Photo by Towfiqu barbhuiya on Unsplash
It comes as no surprise that exercise has an endless list of benefits for our body; it reduces the risk of heart diseases, helps maintain your blood sugar and insulin levels, improves your mental health and mood, and increases strength and flexibility whilst reducing pains and combatting fatigue. However, the benefits of exercise for our joints is often overlooked.
The most common example of the advantages of exercise for our joints is in people with arthritis. Let’s look at this in more detail.
Arthritis is a common condition that results in substantial pain and inflammation to the joints, with over ten million people in the UK alone suffering from this condition. It can affect people of all ages and is categorised into different types depending on the location of the inflammation. The most prevalently discussed types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, both of which we provide treatment for at Opus. We discuss the types of arthritis in more detail here.
During exercise, people with arthritis and joint pain describe a significant reduction in their pain alongside a notable increase in their range of motion. But how does physical activity exert these effects? Below are five benefits that exercise yields and how this is advantageous to the joints:
  1. Synovial fluid lubricates the joint. Each joint in the body is surrounded by soft tissue, also known as the synovial membrane, that is capable of producing fluid. This fluid acts as a lubricant, enabling the bones at each joint to slide past one another in a smooth motion. During exercise, the circulation of this fluid is increased and, therefore, reduces any pain at the joint.
  2. Blood flow increases. During physical activity, our heart increases at a much faster pace. This results in an increase in blood circulation throughout the body, including at the joints. This exposes the synovial membrane to an increased and steady supply of both oxygen and nutrients.
  3. Joint-repair genes are switched on. This is a relatively unresearched area; however, studies have shown that genes play a significant role in joint repair, with these being activated by physical activity and joint movement.
  4. Cellular waste is removed. During exercise, a process called autophagy is triggered. Autophagy refers to the biological process in which damaged cells are broken down and removed. The build-up of these cells at the joint can often cause severe pain and limits movement; therefore, ensuring these are removed can instantly decrease the pain experienced.
  5. Increase in muscle mass. It is no surprise that exercise strengthens muscles, ligaments, and tendons in the body; this includes those surrounding the joints. When these elements are strong, they behave like a brace, protecting the join from harm. Moreover, physical activity also increases your overall range of motion, enabling your joints to withstand more pressure.
At Opus, we can assess the root cause of your joint pain and recommend specific sports medicine-backed exercises to lessen this discomfort. Beyond this, we also provide regenerative treatments that may provide long-term pain relief. Get in touch to discuss how we can assist you on your journey.
Pain down there? Common causes and treatment of groin pain

Pain down there? Common causes and treatment of groin pain

2 April 2024

Close-up of a triathlete in a red race suit with hands at the waist
Photo by Victoire Joncheray on Unsplash

In the vast majority of cases, groin pain results from a muscle strain or tear and usually resolves on its own. Athletes disproportionately experience groin pain due to their activity levels, with statistics suggesting prevalence rates between 0.5% and 28% amongst football players. But what actually causes groin pain in the first place?

There are several unique causes of groin pain; however, the most common cause is a muscle strain, also known as a pull groin muscle. This occurs when the hip joint is involved in an acquired movement that causes a stretch or tears to the inner thigh muscles. The pain experienced is usually sharp and sudden, with the source of it often apparent. Inner thigh muscle spasms and leg weakness may also occur.

Beyond muscle strain, the following are also common causes of groin pain:

  • Inguinal hernia. A condition where the fatty tissue of the intestine protrudes through the abdominal wall.
  • Kidney stone. A small clump of minerals will form inside the kidney, causing waves of pain as it passes down through the urinary tract.
  • Hip osteoarthritis arises when the smooth hip joint is worn down, causing leg movements to become painful and stiff.

Treating groin pain depends on what started it in the first place. In most instances, you may not need medical intervention; however, if the pain persists and impacts your daily activities, then get in touch.

When determining the best route of treatment, you will be asked when the pain started, what activities exacerbate the pain, and if you have experienced any accompanying symptoms. A full physical examination will then be performed, with imaging often being used as well.

There are five treatment approaches that may be taken, depending on the severity of the pain and your lifestyle:

    1. Rest and recuperation. Although it seems repetitive with sports injuries, rest and ice are your best friends. Limiting your activities as much as possible for a short period of time can significantly speed up the healing process.
    2. This approach solely offers short-term pain relief and has no significant impact on the healing process.
    3. Physical therapy. Depending on the cause of the groin pain, you may be referred for physical therapy. For example, if your groin pain results from hip-related causes, such as hip osteoarthritis, then long-term physical therapy may be beneficial in managing flare ups. Moreover, certain exercises can help improve your range of motion and flexibility, further preventing further injuries.
    4. This intervention is not always necessary and is only applicable in some serious conditions, including hip joint infections.
    5. Regenerative medicine. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a novel treatment that has had great success in treating arthritic conditions, including hip osteoarthritis. We go into more detail on the process of PRP here. The benefits of PRP on hip function and pain have been shown to be superior to other options given the long-term duration of its effects.

    At Opus, we pride ourselves on offering a range of treatments to our patients to ensure that the most appropriate route of recovery is selected. If you are experiencing persistent groin pain, we can provide you with the traditional routes of treatment but also the regenerative options, including PRP. Get in touch today to discuss the best option to get you back on your feet.

    Platelet rich plasma injections for arthritis.

    Platelet rich plasma injections for arthritis.

    14 December 2023

    Close-up of a person's clasped hands
    Photo by Towfiqu barbhuiya from Pexels

    Arthritis is a term that encompasses several different conditions, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The underlying pathophysiology of these conditions lies with inflammation of the joint, eventually resulting in a destruction of the cartilage and bone within the joint itself.

    The prevalence of this condition is astonishing, with more than 10 million people in the UK alone being affected by arthritis at some stage in their life. Osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent arthritic conditions, with current statistics estimating that one in ten adults in the UK has symptomatic clinically diagnosed osteoarthritis. These figures alone call for more effective treatment options to be administered. This is where platelet rich plasma (PRP) injections come in.

    PRP has been adopted in clinical practice to promote cell regeneration for decades; however, only recently has it been considered as a potential approach to treating osteoarthritis.

    A 2013 study of 78 patients with osteoarthritis in both knees revealed that PRP injections resulted in a reduction in pain and stiffness, alongside an improvement in overall knee function at six weeks and three months post-administration. Similar results have been observed in many other studies, from animal models up to case reports. The goal of PRP in patients with osteoarthritis is to reduce pain, improve joint function, and halt or even repair the damage done to the cartilage. The higher concentration of platelets found in PRP enables an increased secretion of growth factors at the arthritic site, regulating cell division, stimulating tissue regeneration, and promoting healing.

    Several theories have been proposed that explain the promising impact of PRP on osteoarthritis:

    1. PRP inhibits inflammatory markers, reducing inflammation and halting the progression of your osteoarthritis,
    2.  Stimulates the action of mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in the formation of new cartilage at the arthritic site,
    3. Increase your body’s production of fluid at the joint site, reducing joint friction and the subsequent pain,
    4. It contains proteins that alter your pain receptors response to sensation, reducing the pain experienced from arthritis.

    Although there is no substantial evidence supporting the above theories, the promising improvements seen in osteoarthritis patients following PRP are widespread. If you are interested in finding out more about PRP, the conditions it can treat, and how Opus support you through your journey with us, get in touch today.

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