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Why Rehabilitation Should Focus on Long-Term Health Management, Not Quick Fixes

Why Rehabilitation Should Focus on Long-Term Health Management, Not Quick Fixes

13 April 2026

Rehabilitation should build long-term resilience, not just resolve short-term pain.

Ian GilhamWritten byIan GilhamBSc (Hons) MCSP, Lead Physiotherapist
Clinically reviewed byDr David PorterMB BS DipESM MSc · Reviewed 3 Sep 2026
Reading time4 minutes
A physiotherapist assessing a patient at the Opus clinic in Marylebone.
Above

Assessment at Opus, Marylebone. Rehabilitation that stops when symptoms settle leaves the conditions that produced the injury untouched.

In this article
At a glancePhysiotherapyMarylebone, London

Most rehabilitation follows a familiar pattern. Symptoms settle, you are discharged, and you return to exactly what you were doing before. Six months later, the problem is back.

The issue is rarely the treatment itself. It is the goal. When the only target is to reduce pain and return to function, you are aiming too low – and setting yourself up to repeat the cycle.

At Opus, we take a different approach. We believe rehabilitation should leave you in a better physical state than you were in before your injury, not simply restore you to baseline.

What does long-term rehabilitation actually look like?

Effective rehabilitation is a learning process, not just a recovery from one. Done properly, it gives patients the understanding, habits and physical foundation to manage their own bodies well beyond the point of discharge.

That means going further than exercises and appointments. It means addressing every factor that influences how the body heals, adapts and performs.

Sleep

Poor sleep slows tissue repair, increases pain sensitivity and undermines motivation. Optimising sleep quality is one of the most impactful things a patient can do during rehabilitation – and one of the most overlooked.

Nutrition and hydration

The body cannot rebuild effectively without the right fuel. Adequate protein intake, hydration and micronutrient balance all play a direct role in recovery timelines and outcomes. Our nutrition service works alongside rehabilitation rather than separately from it.

Load management

Returning to activity too quickly, or too cautiously, can both cause setbacks. Sensible load management means matching your activity levels to your current capacity and progressing in a structured way that your body can adapt to.

Minimising aggravating factors

Understanding what makes your condition worse – and what eases it – puts you in control. This kind of patient education is central to preventing recurrence and building confidence in your own body.

Why does conventional rehabilitation fall short?

Traditional rehabilitation models tend to focus on the immediate problem: reduce inflammation, restore range of motion, strengthen the affected area. These are important steps, but they rarely address the broader picture.

A patient who recovers from a knee injury but returns to poor movement patterns, inadequate strength and conditioning, disrupted sleep and a sedentary lifestyle outside of training is likely to re-present within months – sometimes with a different injury altogether.

The goal should not be to create dependency on appointments. It should be to give people the tools, confidence and understanding to take long-term ownership of their physical health.

Ian Gilham, Lead Physiotherapist

What patients should aim for after rehabilitation

When rehabilitation is completed and guided properly, patients should leave with four things.

What good rehabilitation leaves you with
  1. A sustainable strength and conditioning routine. Not a sheet of exercises that gathers dust, but a programme that fits realistically into your life and supports the way you move day to day.
  2. Cardiovascular fitness matched to your goals. Whether you run, cycle, swim or simply want to stay active as you age, your aerobic capacity matters for recovery and long-term health.
  3. Sensible load management for your activity level. Knowing how to progress training, when to pull back, and how to recognise the difference between productive discomfort and a warning sign.
  4. Active recovery habits you actually stick to. Mobility work, rest days, sleep hygiene – the things that are easy to skip but make the biggest difference over time.

How Opus approaches rehabilitation differently

At Opus, physiotherapy is not delivered in isolation. Our clinicians work as part of a multidisciplinary team that includes sports medicine, Reformer Pilates, nutrition, performance psychology and body optimisation – all under one roof in Marylebone.

This means your rehabilitation plan can address not just the injury, but the lifestyle factors that contributed to it. Your physiotherapist coordinates with colleagues across disciplines to ensure nothing is missed – from movement quality and strength to stress, sleep and nutrition.

The result is a patient who does not just recover, but recovers and stays recovered.

When should you consider this approach?

Long-term rehabilitation planning is particularly valuable if:

  • You have experienced the same injury or pain more than once
  • You have been discharged from physiotherapy before but symptoms returned
  • You want to return to sport or high-level activity after a significant injury
  • You are looking to invest in preventative care rather than waiting for the next problem
  • You want a structured, expert-led plan that goes beyond the basics

Common questions

Why should rehab focus on long-term health management rather than quick fixes?

Because short-term symptom relief without addressing underlying causes – such as poor movement patterns, inadequate strength, disrupted sleep or lifestyle factors – often leads to re-injury. Long-term rehabilitation builds patient ownership, sustainable habits and lasting physical resilience.

How long should rehabilitation last?

This depends on the individual and the injury. At Opus, rehabilitation is guided by objective progress markers rather than arbitrary timelines. The aim is to discharge patients when they have the tools and confidence to manage independently – not simply when symptoms subside.

What is the difference between physiotherapy and long-term rehabilitation?

Physiotherapy is a core component of rehabilitation, but long-term rehab takes a broader view. It integrates strength and conditioning, load management, nutrition, sleep optimisation and lifestyle education alongside hands-on treatment.

Clinical review

This article was reviewed for clinical accuracy by Dr David Porter MB BS DipESM MSc, Founding Director and Sport & Exercise Medicine Doctor at Opus.

Reviewed 3 September 2026 · Next review due September 2027

Ian Gilham
About the author

Ian Gilham

Ian Gilham is Lead Physiotherapist at Opus Biological, a multidisciplinary sports medicine and performance health clinic in Marylebone, London. He holds a BSc (Hons) and is a member of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy.

Read Ian’s profile →

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Role of Physiotherapy in Fibromyalgia

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Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition which causes pain throughout the body. Other symptoms include fatigue, poor sleep quality, anxiety and depression (Antunes and Marques, 2022). The cause of chronic pain in patients with FM is associated with the hypersensitivity of the central nervous system resulting in hyperalgesia and potentially allodynia. The symptoms of fatigue and exhaustion can be explained by the hyporesponsiveness of the hypothalamus-pituitary- adrenal mechanisms in patients with FM (Mengshoel, 2013). Recently, more research is being conducted into the role of physiotherapy in FM and has shown to reduce pain, improve quality of life and function.

Exercise has been shown to improve psychological well-being and a reduction in pain, fatigue and other comorbidities (which is common in patients with FM). The combination of exercise and pain education have been proven to be the most effective intervention for FM (Mengshoel,2013) and also reduce medication consumption. Interestingly, addressing central sensitization and the neuroscience of pain in-person with patients has been shown to be the most successful form of pain education when improving compliance with exercise. However, there is insufficient data on what type of exercises is the most effective (Antunes and Marques, 2022).

Hydrotherapy and land exercise has been shown to be equally effective, although being immersed in water can have an analgesia effect. The heat and the increase of buoyancy causes the release of endorphins, increased capillarization and oxygen consumption. Moderate to high intensity resistance training has shown to reduce fear avoidance and improve neuromuscular ability which is especially important for menopausal and postmenopausal women. However, research demonstrates aerobic exercise to be more tolerated by patients (Antunes and Marques, 2022).

Physiotherapists regularly use massage and manual therapy for pain relief in patients with FM. Unfortunately, there are only a few studies addressing the effects of massage in FM (Antunes and Marques, 2022). Other modalities, such as TENS, have been proven to be effective in modifying pain and in turn an increased activity levels for patients with FM (Mengshoel, 2009).

There is conflicting evidence on the optimum treatment for patients with FM, however it is important to incorporate a multi-faceted approach that addresses the patients’ needs and goals.

Antunes, Mateus Dias, and Amélia Pasqual Marques. “The Role of Physiotherapy in Fibromyalgia: Current and Future Perspectives.” Frontiers in Physiology, vol. 13, no. 13, 16 Aug. 2022, p. 968292, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9424756/, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.968292.

Mengshoel, Anne Marit. “Physiotherapy and Fibromyalgia: A Literature Review.” Advances in Physiotherapy, vol. 1, no. 2, Jan. 1999, pp. 73–82, https://doi.org/10.1080/140381999443456. Accessed 10 Dec. 2020.

—. “Physiotherapy Management of Fibromyalgia: What Do We Know and How May This Affect Clinical Practice?” Physical Therapy Reviews, vol. 5, no. 2, June 2000, pp. 85–91, https://doi.org/10.1179/ptr.2000.5.2.85. Accessed 17 Nov. 2020.

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Calcific Tendinitis of the Rotator Cuff (CTRC)

Calcific Tendinitis of the Rotator Cuff (CTRC)

13 March 2025

Calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff (CTRC) is the accumulation of calcium phosphate within a tendon and is often chronic and recurrent. The majority of CTRC cases are located within 1–2 cm of the insertion of the supraspinatus, leading to a restricted range of motion in the shoulder and potentially causing severe pain (Maja et al., 2023). Interestingly, CTRC commonly occurs between the ages of 30 and 50 and is twice as likely to affect women (Kim et al., 2020). There are two proposed theories regarding the formation of CTRC: the degenerative theory and the reactive theory. The degenerative theory suggests that age-related changes in the tendon lead to a reduction in blood vessel distribution. This results in a hypoxic environment, causing necrosis and/or tendon tearing, which can subsequently lead to calcification (Kim et al., 2020). The reactive theory, on the other hand, describes three phases of calcification: the precalcific phase, the calcific phase, and the post-calcific phase. The precalcific phase involves the ‘transformation of the tendon into fibrocartilaginous tissue’ (Maja et al., 2023), facilitating calcium deposition. The calcific phase is when the actual deposition of calcium occurs, while the post-calcific phase involves the remodelling of the tendon around the calcium deposit. However, neither theory has been definitively proven (Maja et al., 2023). Secondary complications such as bursitis and synovitis are common in CTRC due to the chemical irritation caused by calcium deposits. Treatment for CTRC can be either conservative or surgical. Conservative management has a success rate of 30–80%. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provide effective pain relief, and corticosteroid injections are beneficial during the resorptive phase. Barbotage has been shown to relieve pain in 70% of patients due to its decompression effects. Ultrasound therapy has also been found to improve quality of life and pain relief; however, it requires regular attendance over a six-week period. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has the highest success rate for chronic calcific tendinitis and achieves results comparable to surgery (Kim et al., 2020). ESWT is effective in improving function and reducing pain, with greater efficacy when combined with physiotherapy (Maja et al., 2023). Therefore, conservative treatment should be prioritised and implemented for at least six months before considering surgical intervention (Maja et al., 2023). If you are experiencing symptoms of calcific tendinitis, it is important to seek professional medical advice. Booking an appointment with sports medicine doctor Dr David Porter can help you explore a range of treatment options tailored to your specific condition. Early intervention and expert guidance can significantly improve your recovery and long-term shoulder health.

Reference List

Kim, M.-S., Kim, I.-W., Lee, S. and Shin, S.-J. (2020). Diagnosis and treatment of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow, [online] 23(4), pp.203–209. doi:https://doi.org/10.5397/cise.2020.00318. Маја Manoleva, Erieta Nikolic Dimitrova, Koevska, V., Biljana Mitrevska, Marija Gocevska Gjerakaroska, Cvetanka Savevska, Biljana Kalchovska Ivanovska, Lidija Stojanoska Matjanoska, Gecevska, D., Jugova, T. and Liljana Malinovska Nikolovska (2023). Comparison of Immediate Effects of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy and Conventional Physical Therapy in Patients with Calcific Tendinitis of the Shoulder Rotator Cuff. Academic Medical Journal, 3(1), pp.99–109. doi:https://doi.org/10.53582/amj2331099m.
Calcific Tendinitis of the Rotator Cuff (CTRC)
Calcific Tendinitis of the Rotator Cuff (CTRC)

Calcific Tendinits of the rotator cuff

19 February 2025

Calcific Tendinits of the rotator cuff (CTRC) is the accumulation of calcium phosphate within a tendon and is often chronic and recurrent. Majority of CTRC are located within 1-2cm from the insertion of the supraspinatus causing limited range of motion in the shoulder and can cause severe pain (Maja et. al, 2023). Interestingly, CTRC commonly occurs during the age of 30-50 years and twice as likely to occur in women (Kim et. al, 2020).

There are two proposed theories on the formation of CTRC: degenerative and reactive. Degenerative theory suggests changes in the tendon accumulate with age which causes a decrease in distribution of blood vessels. This leads to a hypoxic environment causing necrosis and/or tearing in the tendon which then can develop into calcification (Kim et. al, 2020). The reactive theory suggests that there are 3 phases of calcification: precalcifying phase, calcifying phase and post calcifying phase. Precalcifying phase is the ‘transformation of the tendon into fibrocartilaginous tissue’ (Maja et. al, 2023) which allows the calcium to be deposited more easily. The calcifying phase is the actual deposition of calcium, and the post calcifying is the remodeling of the tendon around the calcium deposit. However, no theory has been proven (Maja et. al, 2023). Secondary complications such as bursitis and synovitis are common with CTRC due to the chemical irritation caused by calcium deposits.

Treatment for CTRC can either be conservative management or surgical. There is a 30-80% success rate of conservative management. NSAIDs are effective for pain relief as well as a steroid injection during the resorptive phase. Barbotage has been shown to provide pain relief in 70% of patients due to its decompression effects. Ultrasound therapy has also been shown to improve quality of life and pain relief, however, requires regular attendance over a 6 week period. ESWT (extracorporeal shockwave therapy) has the highest success rate for chronic calcific tendinitis and has a similar success rate to surgery (Kim et. al, 2020). ESWT is effective in improving function and reducing pain and is more effective when combined with physiotherapy (Maja et. al, 2023). Therefore, conservative treatment should be prioritized and conducted for a minimum of 6 months before considering surgical treatment (Maja et. al, 2023).

Reference List

Kim, M.-S., Kim, I.-W., Lee, S. and Shin, S.-J. (2020). Diagnosis and treatment of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow, [online] 23(4), pp.203–209. doi:https://doi.org/10.5397/cise.2020.00318.

Маја Manoleva, Erieta Nikolic Dimitrova, Koevska, V., Biljana Mitrevska, Marija Gocevska Gjerakaroska, Cvetanka Savevska, Biljana Kalchovska Ivanovska, Lidija Stojanoska Matjanoska, Gecevska, D., Jugova, T. and Liljana Malinovska Nikolovska (2023). COMPARISON OF IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCKWAVE THERAPY AND CONVENTIONAL PHYSICAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CALCIFIC TENDINITIS OF THE SHOULDER ROTATOR CUFF. Academic Medical Journal, 3(1), pp.99–109. doi:https://doi.org/10.53582/amj2331099m.

Calcific Tendinitis of the Rotator Cuff (CTRC)
The Role of Compression Therapy in Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy

The Role of Compression Therapy in Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy

5 February 2025

Compression therapy is a widely used technique in musculoskeletal physiotherapy, offering benefits for both recovery and performance enhancement. It involves the application of controlled pressure to muscles, joints, or soft tissues using compression devices such as the Therabody Jet Boots we use here at OPUS. pneumatic compression pumps.

This therapy has been extensively utilised in injury management, post-surgical rehabilitation, and athletic performance optimisation. We are all well accustomed to seeing Premier League players posting the routine image of them with their feet up, in a set of these boots, watching the La Liga late kick off following their Saturday afternoon match. So there must be a reason why!

Compression Therapy

Mechanism of Action

Compression therapy works by enhancing circulation, reducing swelling, and promoting tissue healing. The applied pressure assists venous return, helping deoxygenated blood and metabolic waste products move back toward the heart more efficiently.

This improved circulation delivers oxygen-rich blood and essential nutrients to tissues, facilitating faster repair and reducing inflammation. Additionally, compression can support the lymphatic system, helping to prevent fluid accumulation in injured or overworked tissues.

Benefits for Recovery

  1. Reduction of Swelling and Inflammation One of the primary benefits of compression therapy is its ability to minimize swelling, a common symptom in musculoskeletal injuries such as sprains, strains, and post-surgical recovery. By applying pressure, excess fluid is prevented from accumulating in the injured area, reducing discomfort and expediting the healing process (Priego-Quesada et al., 2020).
  2. Pain ManagementCompression garments and bandages provide gentle pressure that can reduce pain by limiting excessive movement and stabilizing the affected area. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals recovering from ligament injuries, fractures, or joint surgeries, such as ACL reconstruction or total knee replacements (Born et al., 2013).
  3. Improved Muscle Oxygenation and Tissue HealingEnhanced blood flow through compression ensures an increased supply of oxygen and essential nutrients to the affected muscles and joints. This accelerates tissue regeneration, which is crucial in conditions such as tendinopathies and muscle tears. Faster healing times can reduce the risk of chronic issues and long-term disability (MacRae et al., 2012).
  4. Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)For individuals undergoing prolonged immobilization following musculoskeletal injuries or surgeries, compression therapy can help prevent deep vein thrombosis. By promoting circulation in the lower limbs, it reduces the risk of blood clot formation, a serious complication in post-surgical patients (Brophy-Williams et al., 2017).

Benefits for Performance

  1. Enhanced Muscle Recovery Athletes and active individuals use compression therapy to recover faster after intense training sessions. Compression garments aid in reducing muscle soreness and fatigue by clearing metabolic waste, such as lactic acid, from the muscles more efficiently (Houghton et al., 2019).
  2. Improved Proprioception and Stability Compression sleeves and supports provide sensory feedback, improving proprioception—the body’s awareness of joint position and movement. This can be beneficial for injury prevention, as better joint stability reduces the risk of excessive strain and misalignment (Duffield et al., 2010).
  3. Reduced Muscle Oscillation and Fatigue During high-impact activities such as running or jumping, muscles experience micro-vibrations that contribute to fatigue. Compression gear minimizes these oscillations, reducing muscle fatigue and improving endurance over prolonged periods of activity (Hill et al., 2014).

Conclusion

Compression therapy can be a useful tool in musculoskeletal physiotherapy, aiding in both recovery and performance. Its ability to reduce swelling, alleviate pain, and enhance circulation makes it a valuable tool in injury management and rehabilitation.

Additionally, athletes and active individuals benefit from its performance-enhancing effects, including faster muscle recovery and improved stability. Whether used for acute injury management or long-term athletic optimisation, compression therapy remains an effective and accessible treatment modality in physiotherapy practice.

References

  • Born, D., Sperlich, B., & Holmberg, H. C. (2013). Bringing light into the dark: effects of compression clothing on performance and recovery. Sports Medicine, 43(6), 533-549.
  • Brophy-Williams, N., Driller, M. W., & Shing, C. M. (2017). Acute and chronic effects of compression garments on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(6), 527-531.
  • Duffield, R., Cannon, J., & King, M. (2010). The effects of compression garments on recovery of muscle performance following high-intensity sprint and plyometric exercise. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(1), 136-140.
  • Hill, J., Howatson, G., van Someren, K. A., & Gaze, D. C. (2014). The influence of compression garments on physiological and performance responses to exercise: a systematic review. Sports Medicine, 44(6), 791-803.
  • Houghton, L. A., Dawson, B., & Maloney, S. K. (2019). Effects of compression garments on recovery following exercise: A meta-analysis. Physiology & Behaviour, 210, 112671.
  • MacRae, B. A., Cotter, J. D., & Laing, R. M. (2012). Compression garments and exercise: garment considerations, physiology and performance. Sports Medicine, 42(10), 819-843.
  • Priego-Quesada, J. I., et al. (2020). Effects of compression garments on sports performance and recovery: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(12), 1287-1304.

Role of Compression Therapy in a MSK setting

Role of Compression Therapy in a MSK setting

4 February 2025

Compression therapy is a widely used technique in musculoskeletal physiotherapy, offering benefits for both recovery and performance enhancement. It involves the application of controlled pressure to muscles, joints, or soft tissues using compression devices such as the Therabody Jet Boots we use here at Opus. This therapy has been extensively utilized in injury management, post-surgical rehabilitation, and athletic performance optimization. We are all well accustomed to seeing Premier League players posting the routine image of them with their feet up, in a set of these boots, watching the La Liga late kick off following their Saturday afternoon match. So there must be a reason why!

Mechanism of Action

Compression therapy works by enhancing circulation, reducing swelling, and promoting tissue healing. The applied pressure assists venous return, helping deoxygenated blood and metabolic waste products move back toward the heart more efficiently. This improved circulation delivers oxygen-rich blood and essential nutrients to tissues, facilitating faster repair and reducing inflammation. Additionally, compression can support the lymphatic system, helping to prevent fluid accumulation in injured or overworked tissues.

Benefits for Recovery

1. Reduction of Swelling and Inflammation

One of the primary benefits of compression therapy is its ability to minimize swelling, a common symptom in musculoskeletal injuries such as sprains, strains, and post-surgical recovery. By applying pressure, excess fluid is prevented from accumulating in the injured area, reducing discomfort and expediting the healing process (Priego-Quesada et al., 2020).

2. Pain Management

Compression garments and bandages provide gentle pressure that can reduce pain by limiting excessive movement and stabilizing the affected area. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals recovering from ligament injuries, fractures, or joint surgeries, such as ACL reconstruction or total knee replacements (Born et al., 2013).

3. Improved Muscle Oxygenation and Tissue Healing

Enhanced blood flow through compression ensures an increased supply of oxygen and essential nutrients to the affected muscles and joints. This accelerates tissue regeneration, which is crucial in conditions such as tendinopathies and muscle tears. Faster healing times can reduce the risk of chronic issues and long-term disability (MacRae et al., 2012).

4. Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

For individuals undergoing prolonged immobilization following musculoskeletal injuries or surgeries, compression therapy can help prevent deep vein thrombosis. By promoting circulation in the lower limbs, it reduces the risk of blood clot formation, a serious complication in post-surgical patients (Brophy-Williams et al., 2017).

Benefits for Performance

1. Enhanced Muscle Recovery

Athletes and active individuals use compression therapy to recover faster after intense training sessions. Compression garments aid in reducing muscle soreness and fatigue by clearing metabolic waste, such as lactic acid, from the muscles more efficiently (Houghton et al., 2019).

2. Improved Proprioception and Stability

Compression sleeves and supports provide sensory feedback, improving proprioception—the body’s awareness of joint position and movement. This can be beneficial for injury prevention, as better joint stability reduces the risk of excessive strain and misalignment (Duffield et al., 2010).

3. Reduced Muscle Oscillation and Fatigue

During high-impact activities such as running or jumping, muscles experience micro-vibrations that contribute to fatigue. Compression gear minimizes these oscillations, reducing muscle fatigue and improving endurance over prolonged periods of activity (Hill et al., 2014).

Conclusion

Compression therapy can be a useful tool in musculoskeletal physiotherapy, aiding in both recovery and performance. Its ability to reduce swelling, alleviate pain, and enhance circulation makes it a valuable tool in injury management and rehabilitation. Additionally, athletes and active individuals benefit from its performance-enhancing effects, including faster muscle recovery and improved stability. Whether used for acute injury management or long-term athletic optimization, compression therapy remains an effective and accessible treatment modality in physiotherapy practice.

Reference List

 

  • Born, D., Sperlich, B., & Holmberg, H. C. (2013). Bringing light into the dark: effects of compression clothing on performance and recovery. Sports Medicine, 43(6), 533-549.
  • Brophy-Williams, N., Driller, M. W., & Shing, C. M. (2017). Acute and chronic effects of compression garments on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(6), 527-531.
  • Duffield, R., Cannon, J., & King, M. (2010). The effects of compression garments on recovery of muscle performance following high-intensity sprint and plyometric exercise. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(1), 136-140.
  • Hill, J., Howatson, G., van Someren, K. A., & Gaze, D. C. (2014). The influence of compression garments on physiological and performance responses to exercise: a systematic review. Sports Medicine, 44(6), 791-803.
  • Houghton, L. A., Dawson, B., & Maloney, S. K. (2019). Effects of compression garments on recovery following exercise: A meta-analysis. Physiology & Behavior, 210, 112671.
  • MacRae, B. A., Cotter, J. D., & Laing, R. M. (2012). Compression garments and exercise: garment considerations, physiology and performance. Sports Medicine, 42(10), 819-843.
  • Priego-Quesada, J. I., et al. (2020). Effects of compression garments on sports performance and recovery: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(12), 1287-1304.
Compression Therapy